Frequently Asked Questions: #negativeinvestmentlist

Yes, there are restrictions on foreign ownership in certain business sectors in Indonesia. These restrictions are outlined in the Negative Investment List (DNI), which is a key regulation that foreign investors must consider when establishing a PMA company. Here are the main points to understand:

• The DNI categorizes business sectors into three main groups:

  • Open sectors: Fully open to foreign investment
  • Restricted sectors: Open to foreign investment with certain conditions or limitations
  • Closed sectors: Not open to foreign investment

• Restricted sectors may have limitations such as:

  • Maximum percentage of foreign ownership allowed
  • Requirements for partnerships with local companies
  • Specific location restrictions
  • Special licensing requirements

• Some examples of restrictions include:

  • Certain retail trade sectors: Limited to 67% foreign ownership
  • Construction services: Various ownership limits depending on the specific service
  • Tourism-related businesses: Some subsectors have ownership limits

• The DNI is periodically updated by the Indonesian government, so it’s crucial to check the most recent version when planning your investment

• Even in open sectors, there may be additional regulations or requirements that affect foreign investors

• Some sectors considered strategic or vital to national interests may have more stringent restrictions or be completely closed to foreign investment

• It’s highly recommended to consult with legal experts or investment advisors familiar with the current DNI and related regulations before proceeding with your investment plans

• The full DNI list and detailed explanations can be found on the BKPM (Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board) website or through authorized investment consultants

Always verify the current status of your intended business sector in the DNI before proceeding with PMA company establishment to ensure compliance with Indonesian foreign investment regulations.

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The Negative Investment List (DNI) is a crucial regulation in Indonesia that affects foreign investment in the following ways:

• Definition: The DNI is a list of business sectors that are either closed or have restrictions for foreign investment in Indonesia.

• Purpose: It aims to regulate and control foreign investment to protect certain sectors of the Indonesian economy and promote local business development.

• Impact on foreign investors:

  • Determines which business sectors are open, partially open, or closed to foreign investment
  • Specifies maximum foreign ownership percentages for partially open sectors
  • May require partnerships with local Indonesian companies in some sectors

• Key considerations:

  • The list is periodically updated by the Indonesian government
  • Some sectors may require a minimum investment amount for foreign participation
  • Certain sectors may have additional licensing or operational requirements

• Examples of restrictions:

  • Some sectors may be completely closed to foreign investment
  • Others may allow only partial foreign ownership (e.g., 49% or 67%)
  • Some businesses may require local partners or shareholders

• Importance for PMA companies:

  • Foreign investors must consult the DNI before planning their investment in Indonesia
  • It helps determine the feasibility and structure of a proposed PMA company
  • Compliance with DNI regulations is essential for obtaining necessary permits and licenses

• Seeking professional advice:

  • Due to the complexity and frequent updates of the DNI, it’s advisable to consult with experts like Okusi Associates for the most current information and guidance on how the DNI affects specific investment plans.

By understanding and adhering to the DNI, foreign investors can ensure their PMA company plans align with Indonesian regulations and avoid potential legal issues or investment restrictions.

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The Negative Investment List (Daftar Negatif Investasi or DNI) is a key regulation in Indonesia’s foreign direct investment (FDI) regime that outlines restrictions on foreign investment in various business sectors. Here are the key points about the DNI and its effects on foreign investment:

• Purpose: The DNI specifies which business fields are:

  • Closed to foreign investment
  • Restricted to investment (e.g. reserved for Indonesian SMEs or state-owned companies)
  • Open to foreign investment but with certain conditions or ownership limitations

• Structure: The list categorizes business fields under government classifications and determines:

  • Sectors where foreign investors can have 100% ownership
  • Sectors requiring partnerships with Indonesian businesses
  • Specific regulations that apply to certain sectors

• Updates: The DNI is typically updated every two years to reflect changes in investment policies.

• Scope: The current DNI contains 280 business fields. Sectors not listed are supposed to be open to 100% foreign ownership.

• Effects on foreign investment:

  • Determines maximum foreign ownership percentages for different sectors
  • Requires foreign investors to partner with local companies in some fields
  • Sets compliance requirements with local regulations for certain sectors
  • Creates some uncertainty due to potential for wide interpretation

• Minimum investment: While not directly part of the DNI, there is a nominal minimum investment of USD 300,000 for foreign-owned companies.

• Location: Foreign investment companies generally have freedom to choose their location in Indonesia.

The DNI plays a crucial role in shaping foreign investment in Indonesia by defining the sectors and conditions under which foreign companies can operate. It’s important for foreign investors to carefully review the latest DNI and consult with experts to understand how it applies to their specific business plans in Indonesia.

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In Indonesia, foreigners can establish several types of business entities, each with its own characteristics and requirements:

1. PT PMA (Perseroan Terbatas Penanaman Modal Asing)
   • This is the most common form for foreign investment
   • A limited liability company with foreign shareholders
   • Subject to the Negative Investment List (DNI) restrictions
   • Minimum capital requirements apply
2. Representative Office
   • Types include:
     • Foreign Company Representative Office (KPPA)
     • Foreign Trade Company Representative Office (KP3A)
     • Foreign Construction Services Representative Office (BUJKA)
   • Cannot engage in direct commercial activities or generate revenue in Indonesia
   • Useful for market research, liaison, and promotional activities
3. Branch Office
   • Only available in certain sectors (e.g., banking, oil and gas)
   • Directly controlled by the foreign parent company
   • Limited availability and subject to specific regulations
4. Foreign Investment Limited Partnership (CV PMA)
   • A partnership between foreign and local investors
   • Less common and more restricted than PT PMA
5. Foundation (Yayasan)
   • Non-profit organization
   • Can be established by foreigners for social, religious, or educational purposes
   • Cannot engage in commercial activities
6. Foreign Company Domicile (Badan Usaha Tetap - BUT)
   • A permanent establishment for tax purposes
   • Not a separate legal entity
   • Typically used for specific projects or contracts

When considering which entity to establish, foreigners should:

• Consult the latest Negative Investment List (DNI) to check sector restrictions
• Consider the nature and scope of their intended business activities
• Evaluate minimum capital requirements and investment plans
• Assess long-term business goals and expansion plans in Indonesia

It’s important to note that regulations and requirements can change, so it’s advisable to consult with a professional service provider like Okusi Associates for the most up-to-date information and guidance tailored to your specific business needs.

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Foreign investment restrictions in Indonesia are governed by the Negative Investment List (DNI), which outlines sectors that are closed or have limitations for foreign ownership. Key points to consider:

• The DNI is periodically updated by the Indonesian government to reflect changes in investment policies.

• Sectors are categorized as:

  • Fully closed to foreign investment
  • Open with certain restrictions (e.g., maximum foreign ownership percentage)
  • Open with specific requirements (e.g., partnerships with local SMEs)
  • Fully open to foreign investment

• Some commonly restricted sectors include:

  • Media and broadcasting
  • Certain retail and distribution activities
  • Some transportation services
  • Specific agricultural products

• Restrictions can vary based on:

  • Percentage of allowed foreign ownership
  • Minimum capital requirements
  • Location (e.g., special economic zones may have different rules)
  • Specific licensing or partnership requirements

• It’s crucial to consult the most recent version of the DNI before planning any foreign investment in Indonesia.

• Some sectors may require a combination of foreign and local ownership, promoting partnerships with Indonesian entities.

• Certain strategic industries (e.g., defense, natural resources) often have more stringent restrictions or are entirely closed to foreign investment.

• The Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) can provide guidance on interpreting the DNI for specific business activities.

• Even in open sectors, there may be additional licensing or operational requirements for foreign-owned companies.

• The government occasionally introduces new policies or incentives to attract foreign investment in priority sectors, which may override some DNI restrictions.

Always consult with legal experts or investment advisors familiar with the latest Indonesian regulations to ensure compliance with current foreign investment restrictions.

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